The first relevant cycle is 2010-2014 LendingClub and the early peer-to-peer lending franchise. The franchise grew at premium rates, traded at premium multiples, and ultimately compressed when the unit economics did not support the growth profile at scale. The pattern: high growth, opaque underwriting, eventual multiple compression when the loan portfolio quality became visible.
The second cycle is 2017-2021 Square (now Block) and the broader payments fintech cohort. The franchises grew at premium rates, traded at premium multiples, and partially held those multiples through the cycle. The differentiator was the operating margin trajectory; the franchises that expanded operating margin held their multiples better than those that did not.
The third cycle is 2020-2023 Affirm, Robinhood, and the broader consumer fintech cohort. The franchises grew at premium rates, traded at premium multiples, and compressed sharply when the rate cycle changed and the unit economics deteriorated. The pattern: high growth, rate-sensitive earnings stream, sharp multiple compression on macro shifts.
SoFi sits at the intersection of these three cycles. The lending business has structural similarities to LendingClub. The payments and Galileo platform business has structural similarities to Square. The consumer banking and brokerage profile has structural similarities to Robinhood and Affirm. Each cycle provides a different signal about how the multiple holds.